After recovering from COVID-19, most individuals regain their health within a few weeks. However, there are some cases where individuals, even those who had mild versions of the illness, continue to experience symptoms beyond their initial recovery. Termed "long-haulers," these individuals may develop what is known as "post-COVID-19 syndrome" or "long COVID-19." These conditions refer to the lingering health issues that persist for more than four weeks after the initial COVID-19 diagnosis.
While older people and those with underlying health conditions are more likely to experience these remaining symptoms, even young and otherwise healthy individuals can feel unwell for weeks to months after being infected. Some common long-term symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, chest pain, memory and concentration problems, muscle pain, headache, rapid heartbeat, loss of smell or taste, depression, anxiety, fever, dizziness upon standing, and worsened symptoms following physical or mental activities.
COVID-19 is commonly associated with lung-related problems, but it can also cause damage to other organs. For instance, imaging tests have shown lasting heart damage, even in individuals who experienced mild COVID-19 symptoms, increasing the risk of future heart complications. The type of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 can lead to long-term lung damage, impairing breathing. Moreover, the virus has been linked to brain-related issues such as strokes, seizures, and temporary paralysis. It may also raise the risk of developing Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Some individuals, both adults, and children, may experience multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which involves severe inflammation in various organs and tissues.
COVID-19 can also impact blood clotting, making individuals more prone to clots that can cause heart attacks, strokes, and other organ damage. Clots may affect the lungs, legs, liver, and kidneys. Furthermore, the virus can weaken blood vessels, leading to leaks and potential long-lasting liver and kidney problems.
Severe cases of COVID-19 that require intensive care treatment, such as mechanical ventilation, can increase the likelihood of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety later on. Research on the long-term effects of COVID-19 is ongoing, drawing insights from similar viruses like SARS. Individuals who recovered from SARS, for example, have been known to develop chronic fatigue syndrome, characterized by severe fatigue that worsens with activity and does not improve with rest. Similar outcomes may be observed in individuals recovering from COVID-19.
Given the uncertainty surrounding the long-term effects of COVID-19, healthcare providers are closely monitoring individuals in their recovery phase to assess organ function. Specialized clinics have been established to care for those experiencing persistent symptoms or related illnesses post-recovery. Support groups are also available to provide assistance during this challenging time.
It is important to note that most individuals infected with COVID-19 recover promptly. However, the potential for long-lasting effects underscores the importance of preventing the spread of the virus. This includes following preventive measures such as wearing masks, practicing social distancing, avoiding crowded places, getting vaccinated when eligible, and maintaining proper hand hygiene.
For further information about Dr. Stengler’s practice and his clinic in San Marcos, California, please visit our website at MarkStengler.com or contact us at (760) 274-2377.
